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Q. An EHRA could helpto strengthen India’s governance of its environmental health crisis by framing pollution control as both a public health imperative and an economic opportunity. Explain    ENVIRONMENTAL  HEALTH  REGULATORY  AGENCY  :-  NEED/INTRO/REPORT    The 2024 Conference of Parties (COP 29) ends in Baku, Azerbaijan  As a global voice for developing countries, India pushed for ambitious climate mitigation financing from developed nations.  At the same time, pollutants in our air, water and land continue to pose grave health risks. According to the Emissions Gap Report 2024 from the United Nations Environment Programme, India has seen over 6% more greenhouse gas emissions than the previous year.  These two examples show that India is at a critical juncture in its environmental and public health journey.    As a nation, India continues to experience rapid economic growth, so the interdependencies b...

  INTRODUCTION/DATA/TRENDS/ REPORT THEME     October 31 is observed every year as World Cities Day.  The world’s urban population  [ not including rural]  as reached an estimated 4.7 billion, or 57.5% of the world’s total population, with  projections to double by 2050.   The theme for this year’s World Cities Day is ‘ Youth Climate Changemakers: Catalysing Local Action for Urban Sustainability’.        [ this data is beneficial for upcoming 2025 PT & Mains] CHALLENGES FACED BY CITIES [WORLD+INDIA]   The UN underscores that cities face unprecedented challenges, especially climate change. While strides have been made towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), urban centres remain plagued by   poverty,  inequality, and   environmental degradation.   In the Global South[ all countries located on southern hemisphere including India], these challenges are intensified ...

 INSTITUTION Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has approved the Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMPs)  NEED  The plan, prepared in tune with the provisions of the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2019, permits the coastal districts to take advantage of the relaxed Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) rules and initiate development activities including construction of buildings towards the seaward side .  AREAS TO APPLY  10 coastal districts of Kerala namely :- 1.) Kasaragod,  2.)Kannur, 3.)Kozhikode, 4.)Malappuram, 5.)Thrissur,  6.) Ernakulam, 7.)Kottayam, 8.)Alappuzha, 9.) Kollam and 10.)Thiruvananthapuram. WHAT  ARE RULES/ PROCESS  The Ministry has asked the State government to make available the signed copies of the approved CZMPs of all the 10 coastal districts in the public domain through the Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority website within one month.  The Ministry has clarified that all...

 MEANING/ PHENOMENON / INTRODUCTION  this editorial inspired articles analyse about regional disparities and solution. Syllabus covered and used in:- GS -2; polity- federal structural and issues GS-1; regionlism , effects of LPG reforms gs-3 economy geography optional - economic gepgraphy ; paper- A& B Economic optional  essay CSAT- english comprehension  THEORIES/DATA/REPORTS and ITS FINDINGS  In September 2024, the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) released a paper titled, ‘Relative Economic Performance of Indian States: 1960-61 to 2023-24’ .  It presents the share of each State in the country’s income and the per capita income compared to the all-India average.    The data tell us the importance of each State in the country’s economy and the average welfare of the citizens of each State relative to the all-India level.   The a verage, hides the inequality.  :- MAHARASHTRA ;A CASE STUDY    ...